Rental Investment Guide

Three Rivers


Short-term & long-term rental regulations, fees, and investor resources for St. Joseph County, Michigan.

Updated May 2026

Area Overview


The City of Three Rivers sits at the confluence of the St. Joseph, Rocky, and Portage rivers in St. Joseph County, roughly 25 miles south of Kalamazoo. With a 2020 Census population of about 7,973, it is the largest city in the county and a long-standing manufacturing center, anchored by Armstrong International (headquartered at 816 Maple St. since 1900), Three Rivers Health, and Walther Farms.[8] Housing stock is dominated by pre-war single-family homes plus a meaningful base of one-to-four-family rentals and a small cluster of apartment complexes.

Rental regulation in the City is unified under Chapter 13 of the City Code โ€” the Rental Housing Code โ€” which requires every rental dwelling to be registered annually with the City Clerk by August 1 and inspected at least once every two years.[1] The City does not publish a separate short-term rental ordinance; STRs, like LTRs, fall under the broad Chapter 13 registration and inspection framework. Inspections are performed under contract by SAFEbuilt, which also handles building, zoning, electrical, mechanical, and plumbing inspections for the City.[4] Fees are set in the City’s Comprehensive Fee Schedule and are adjusted annually as part of the budget process.[2]

Quick Status Summary


Short-Term Rentals VERIFY WITH CITY

Three Rivers does not publish a separate short-term rental ordinance. Chapter 13 of the City Code regulates ‘rental dwellings’ broadly and requires annual registration plus biennial inspection of every rental unit, which on its face captures STRs alongside LTRs.[1] No STR-specific occupancy cap, density limit, local-agent requirement, or moratorium has been verified from public city documents. Confirm STR-specific operating rules with the Building & Zoning Director, John Beebe, at (269) 273-1845 or jbeebe@threeriversmi.org before listing a property.

Long-Term Rentals REGISTRATION REQUIRED

Permitted citywide under Chapter 13 of the Code of Ordinances. Every rental dwelling must be registered annually with the City Clerk by August 1 and is inspected at least once every two years; the FY26 annual registration fee is $27 per unit and the biennial inspection fee runs from $33 to $108 per building depending on unit count.[1][2] Mid-year ownership transfers pay one-half the annual fee. SAFEbuilt performs the inspections under contract; John Beebe runs the program for the City.[4]

Rental Regulations


1 Where STRs Are Allowed (Zoning)

The City does not publish a separate zoning carve-out for short-term rentals. Chapter 30 of the City Code (the Zoning Ordinance) sets the residential, business, and industrial districts; the most recent substantive change to residential zoning was Ordinance 856 in 2023, which consolidated the prior R-1 and R-2 districts.[3][9] STR-specific permissions or prohibitions by district are not separately codified in public-facing materials we could verify โ€” for any property, verify the underlying zoning and confirm STR status in writing with the Building & Zoning Director before underwriting.

For investors: Three Rivers is not a zoning-restricted STR market (like New Buffalo) and is not a capped market (like Muskegon or Chikaming) based on documents available as of this guide’s last-verified date. It is, however, a registration-and-inspection market. Treat any STR plan as subject to the same Chapter 13 framework as a long-term rental until the City confirms otherwise.
2 Registration & Permit Process

Submit the City of Three Rivers Annual Rental Registration form to the City Clerk on or before August 1 each year, accompanied by the registration fee.[1] Forms are linked from the Building & Zoning Department page; you can also email the Building & Zoning Director directly to confirm submission paths for STR use.

Submission pathCity Clerk, 333 W. Michigan Ave., Three Rivers, MI 49093 (in person or by mail) [1]
Required documentsAnnual Rental Registration form, owner / agent contact information, legal description of the property, certification that no units violate Chapter 13 [1]
Annual deadlineAugust 1 each year (Sec. 13-13.1(A)) [1]
Mid-year ownership transferLicense fee prorated to one-half of the annual fee if title is acquired more than six months after the annual registration date (Sec. 13-13.1(B)) [1]
Change of ownership / agentNotify the Code Enforcement Official within 30 days; no new fees for change of registration (Sec. 13-13.7) [1]

STRs use the same Chapter 13 registration mechanism as long-term rentals; no separate STR application is published. Confirm STR-specific paperwork (if any) with Building & Zoning before listing.

3 Fees & Penalties

The FY26 Comprehensive Fee Schedule (Section 6-7) sets the rental fees applied to all registered units, including STRs operating under Chapter 13.[2]

Annual Rental Registration (per unit)$27 (FY26; prior $26) [2]
Biennial inspection โ€” 1โ€“2 units per building$108 (FY26) [2]
Biennial inspection โ€” 3โ€“4 units$86 (FY26) [2]
Biennial inspection โ€” 5โ€“11 units$65 (FY26) [2]
Biennial inspection โ€” 12โ€“20 units$44 (FY26) [2]
Biennial inspection โ€” 21+ units$33 (FY26) [2]
Second inspection (per unit)$76 (FY26) [2]
Additional subsequent inspections (per unit)$214 (FY26) [2]
Enforcement letter (per unit)$44 (FY26) [2]
Unregistered rental โ€” 2nd notice (per unit)$161 (FY26) [2]
Late filing feeAdded to registration fee per schedule when filed after August 1 (Sec. 13-13.1(C)) [1]

Fees are reviewed and adjusted twice annually before the City budget cycle (typically in June). Confirm the current schedule on the City Fees page before paying.[2]

4 Inspections & Safety Requirements

Every rental unit in the City โ€” STR or LTR โ€” is inspected at least once every two years under Chapter 13 (Sec. 13-15.1(A)).[1] Inspections are performed by SAFEbuilt under contract with the City; SAFEbuilt also acts as the City Zoning Administrator and Building Official.[4] Common items the inspector checks include:

  • Smoke and CO alarms on every level and in each sleeping room, installed per the Michigan Residential Code.
  • Egress windows or doors from each sleeping room.
  • Electrical, plumbing, heating in working order: no exposed splices, GFCI in wet locations, properly vented heating equipment.
  • Exterior & property maintenance: roof, siding, stairs, handrails, walks, and grounds maintained.
  • Posting: current license available on request; copies of the inspection report kept in the property’s rental file.

If violations are found, a second inspection is scheduled and billed separately ($76 FY26).[2] Additional subsequent inspections after a failed re-inspection are billed at the higher additional-inspection rate.

Inspection entry requires the consent of the owner or owner’s agent or a court order; emergency entry is authorized for imminent-danger conditions (Sec. 13-15.2 & 13-15.3).[1] Mobile homes are inspected on a three-year cycle per MCL 125.2307 (Sec. 13-15.1(H)).[1]

5 Operating Rules (Occupancy, Quiet Hours, Parking)

The City does not publish STR-specific occupancy caps or operating rules beyond the general standards in Chapter 13 and the City’s nuisance/noise ordinances enforced by the Three Rivers Police Department Code Enforcement officers.[7]

  • Occupancy. Chapter 13 incorporates Michigan Residential Code minimums for habitable rooms and egress; specific occupancy is set by bedroom count and Code egress capacity for each unit at inspection.
  • Quiet hours / noise. Citywide noise rules apply via the Three Rivers City Code; complaints route through Code Enforcement / Police non-emergency.[7]
  • Parking. On-site parking minimums are set by the underlying zoning district; on-street guest parking is subject to City parking rules.
  • “Family” definition. Chapter 13 defines family as an individual or married couple and their children, plus up to two additional related persons living as a single housekeeping unit (Sec. 13-2).[1] Group rentals to unrelated occupants beyond that count may trigger a separate boarding-/rooming-house classification under the Code.
6 Recent Changes & Regulatory History

Three Rivers’ rental framework has been stable in recent years. Notable recent ordinance activity includes:

  • 2023 โ€” Ordinance 856: Consolidated the R-1 and R-2 zoning districts in Chapter 30 (Zoning Ordinance). The change is reflected in the City’s Master Plan Implementation List.[9]
  • Annual fee schedule updates: The Comprehensive Fee Schedule is reviewed and adjusted twice annually as part of the budget process; the FY26 schedule raised the per-unit annual registration fee from $26 to $27 and bumped most inspection-fee tiers by roughly 3 percent.[2]
  • SAFEbuilt building-services contract: SAFEbuilt continues as the City’s contracted inspection and zoning-administration provider.[4]

No STR-specific ordinance has been adopted as of this guide’s last-verified date. Watch the City’s Ordinances page and CivicWeb document portal for new code activity.

1 Where LTRs Are Allowed (Zoning)

Long-term residential rentals are permitted in every residential zoning district in the City (R-1, R-2, R-3, and higher-density residential districts), and in mixed-use commercial districts that permit dwelling units.[3] Chapter 30 governs district-level use; for any non-residentially-zoned property, verify residential rental use against the Permitted & Conditional Uses table before underwriting.

Within the Historic District, exterior modifications to non-exempt structures require a Certificate of Appropriateness from the Historic District Commission โ€” a constraint to factor into any rehab budget on a historic-zoned rental.[5]

2 Annual Registration & Inspection Program

Every long-term rental in the City must be registered annually with the City Clerk on or before August 1 and is inspected at least once every two years under Chapter 13 of the City Code.[1] The City presently regulates more than 1,000 registered rental units โ€” nine apartment complexes plus roughly 400 one-to-four-family structures โ€” making this the dominant landlord/tenant compliance touchpoint.[1][4]

Submission pathCity Clerk, 333 W. Michigan Ave., Three Rivers, MI 49093 [1]
Required documentsAnnual Rental Registration form, owner / agent contact information, legal description, certification that no units violate Chapter 13 [1]
Annual registration deadlineAugust 1 each year (Sec. 13-13.1(A)) [1]
Inspection cycleAt least once every two years (Sec. 13-15.1(A)) [1]
Sale of rental propertyAutomatic license termination at sale (Sec. 13-13.9); inspection report valid for transfer purposes for 7 working days from issuance [1]
For investors: When you buy a rental property in Three Rivers, the seller’s rental license does not transfer with the property. The buyer must re-register the unit and may rely on a recent inspection report only if it is current. Build a re-registration step into your closing checklist.
3 Fees & Penalties

Annual registration and biennial inspection fees are set in the City’s Comprehensive Fee Schedule (Section 6-7) and adjusted twice yearly as part of the budget cycle.[2]

Annual Rental Registration (per unit)$27 (FY26; prior $26) [2]
Biennial inspection โ€” 1โ€“2 units$108 per building (FY26) [2]
Biennial inspection โ€” 3โ€“4 units$86 per building (FY26) [2]
Biennial inspection โ€” 5โ€“11 units$65 per building (FY26) [2]
Biennial inspection โ€” 12โ€“20 units$44 per building (FY26) [2]
Biennial inspection โ€” 21+ units$33 per building (FY26) [2]
Second inspection (per unit)$76 (FY26) [2]
Enforcement letter$44 per unit (FY26) [2]
Unregistered rental โ€” 2nd notice$161 per unit (FY26) [2]
Notice to Vacate / Posted$108 per unit (FY26) [2]
Mid-year ownership transferOne-half the annual fee if title acquired more than 6 months after annual registration date (Sec. 13-13.1(B)) [1]
License revocation groundsMisrepresentation, Chapter 13 / Code violations, unpaid taxes / assessments / utility bills more than 180 days past due (Sec. 13-13.4) [1]
4 Inspections & Safety Requirements

Biennial inspections are performed by SAFEbuilt under contract with the City and cover the same items as STR inspections โ€” the City applies one rental inspection standard regardless of rental length.[4] SAFEbuilt’s Three Rivers desk is based in Athens, MI; schedule inspections at (269) 729-9244 or athensmi@safebuilt.com.

  • Smoke and CO alarms on every level and in each sleeping room.
  • Egress windows / doors from each sleeping room.
  • Electrical, plumbing, heating in working order; GFCI in wet locations; no missing covers or exposed splices.
  • Exterior & property maintenance: roof, siding, porches, stairs, handrails, walks, drainage, and grounds.
  • Records. The Code Enforcement Official maintains a registry of all registered owners and responsible agents (Sec. 13-13.6).[1]

If a re-inspection is required, the second-inspection fee ($76 FY26) is invoiced separately; additional subsequent inspections are billed at $214 each.[2]

5 Tenant Rights & Eviction Resources

Michigan landlord-tenant relationships are governed by state law (MCL 554.601 et seq.) and the summary proceedings act for evictions. The State Bar of Michigan publishes a free Practical Guide for Tenants and Landlords covering leases, security deposits, repairs, and the eviction process. These rules apply in the City of Three Rivers and are not modified by local ordinance.

Tenants with code-related concerns about an unregistered or unsafe rental may file a complaint directly with the Building & Zoning Department (Sec. 13-15.1(C) inspections are triggered on complaint).[1] Income-qualified tenants can also seek free counsel from Legal Services of South Central Michigan, which serves St. Joseph County.

Special Regulations


Three Rivers’ downtown commercial core and surrounding residential streets include a designated Historic District; outlying parcels may rely on private septic or well systems administered by the regional health agency.

โ˜… Historic District (Certificate of Appropriateness)

Three Rivers operates a local Historic District under a Historic District Commission (HDC). Within the district, alterations to a property’s exterior โ€” signage, faรงade changes, replacement windows or doors visible from a public way โ€” typically require a Certificate of Appropriateness (COA) before work begins.[5]

For a buy-and-hold rental in the district, factor HDC review into any rehab schedule: routine maintenance is generally exempt, but anything substantive needs HDC sign-off before the building permit can issue. Roof, siding, and storefront changes are the most common COA touchpoints.

โ˜… Septic & Well (Branch-Hillsdale-St. Joseph CHA)

Most City parcels are on municipal water and sewer (City Public Services and the Wastewater Treatment Plant), but parcels on the City fringe and many nearby unincorporated lots are on private septic and well. Sewage disposal systems and well permitting are administered by the Branch-Hillsdale-St. Joseph Community Health Agency (BHSJ), whose Environmental Health office is located in Three Rivers at 255 N. US-131.[6]

Request the most recent system records from BHSJ before closing on any older or non-sewered property โ€” failed or undersized septic systems are a common and expensive surprise.

Official Resources


Property Tax Treatment


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Important for investors: A property used as a rental in Michigan is generally classified as non-homestead, which is taxed at the full local millage rate (no Principal Residence Exemption). Short-term rental income may also be subject to the Michigan Use Tax on transient accommodations. Consult a CPA before underwriting any deal โ€” these are not opinions, they are starting points for your own tax research.

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Buying, selling, or investing in Three Rivers?

I help investors and homeowners navigate Three Rivers' Chapter 13 rental registration program and the broader St. Joseph County market โ€” including the local nuances that decide whether a property pencils out.

Sources & Downloads


  1. 1
    Authoritative source for the annual August 1 registration requirement, biennial inspection cycle, family definition, license revocation grounds, and inspection-entry rules.
    Verified: 2026-05-17
  2. 2
    City of Three Rivers โ€” Comprehensive Fee Schedule (FY26) https://threeriversmi.civicweb.net/document/142736
    Section 6-7 (Inspections) sets the FY26 annual rental registration fee ($27/unit), biennial inspection tiers ($33-$108 per building), enforcement letter ($44), and unregistered-rental 2nd notice fee ($161). Schedule reviewed twice yearly during the budget cycle.
    Verified: 2026-05-17
  3. 3
    Establishes the City's R, B, I, and A zoning districts; does not contain a separate STR carve-out.
    Verified: 2026-05-17
  4. 4
    City of Three Rivers โ€” Building & Zoning Department https://www.threeriversmi.org/city-departments/building-and-zoning/
    Identifies SAFEbuilt as the contracted inspection / Zoning Administrator / Building Official provider; lists 1,000+ registered rental units and confirms John Beebe as Building & Zoning Director.
    Verified: 2026-05-17
  5. 5
    City of Three Rivers โ€” Historic District https://www.threeriversmi.org/historic-district/
    Describes the Historic District Commission and the Certificate of Appropriateness review process for exterior changes within the district.
    Verified: 2026-05-17
  6. 6
    Branch-Hillsdale-St. Joseph CHA โ€” Sewage Disposal Systems https://www.bhsj.org/programs/36
    Regional health agency administering septic permitting; Environmental Health office located at 255 N. US-131 in Three Rivers.
    Verified: 2026-05-17
  7. 7
    City of Three Rivers โ€” Code Enforcement (Police Department) https://www.threeriversmi.org/city-departments/police/code-enforcement/
    Confirms that general nuisance and noise ordinance enforcement (animals, junk, inoperable vehicles, noise) is handled by Three Rivers PD code enforcement, separate from Chapter 13 rental enforcement.
    Verified: 2026-05-17
  8. 8
    City of Three Rivers โ€” Major Manufacturers https://www.threeriversmi.org/manufacturers/
    Context for overview paragraph: Armstrong International HQ since 1900 (816 Maple St.), plus Three Rivers Health and Walther Farms as major employers.
    Verified: 2026-05-17
  9. 9
    City of Three Rivers โ€” Master Plan Implementation List https://www.threeriversmi.org/wp-content/uploads/Master-Plan-Implementation-List.pdf
    References Ordinance 856 (2023) consolidating the R-1 and R-2 zoning districts.
    Verified: 2026-05-17
How this guide is produced. This rental guide is researched and drafted with assistance from Claude, an AI model made by Anthropic, working from the official municipal sources linked in this page. AI can make mistakes โ€” any fact that would materially affect a purchase or rental decision should be verified against the official source cited above and confirmed directly with the municipality. See an error? Email a correction.